Duck-Joo Lee
KAIST Professor of Aerospace Engineering,
Vice Chairman of the American Helicopter Society,
Chairman of Academic Society for Human Completion
1. Early this year, one of the most dramatic events in the history of mankind drew attention from all over the world to Seoul. It was a battle between “Go” created by Se-Dol Lee, the current highest ranking champion, and “AlphaGo”, an artificial intelligence robot developed by Google. AlphaGo proved many predictions wrong and easily defeated world champion, Se-Dol Lee. This was a rude awakening that shocked people who had been so absorbed in their busy, daily lives. Following this event, “artificial intelligence” and the 4th industrial revolution quickly became trending topics. Even the government has put forth several policies in preparation for the 4th industrial revolution.
There were also many analyses of the effects of the 4th industrial revolution on the world. People expressed concern that mankind may fall behind if we do not respond properly. The year is coming to an end amidst this social, economic, and political whirlpool. Will we be able to become a driving force for the 4th industrial revolution, which is approaching as a major turning point in the history of mankind?
The 4th industrial revolution, based off of the 3rd industrial revolution, is the technological revolution that blends the boundaries of various industries such as the digital industry, bio-industry, and physics. Development and preparation of artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and other industries are far more advanced in other developed countries than we think. In such circumstances, rather than following our neighbors leads, I believe it is much more important to understand exactly how the 4th industrial revolution arose, what direction it will take going forward, and where we are on that path. Once we have a clear understanding of reality, we can unite our forces to move in the proper direction.
Thus, I view the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th industrial revolutions, along with the much discussed 5th and 6th revolutions, as one huge cycle that could include even a 7th revolution.
2. According to Big History, of the 8 major turning points after the Big Bang, the last 3 turning points were the emergence of man, agrarian society, and the last turning point, which is the modern revolution that started in 1784 with the 1st industrial revolution. The 1st industrial revolution was the mechanization process using water and steam energy. It is said that 1840 was when the results of the 1st industrial revolution could actually be seen. The 2nd industrial revolution was after that in 1870, when mass production became possible due to electricity and 1969 with automation using computers could be considered the 3rd industrial revolution. And the 4th industrial revolution had already started exploration of Mars and other aerospace engineering. However, it is broadly recognized the revolution started spreading at the “World Economic Forum” (WEF), which took place on January 20, 2016 in Davos, Switzerland with the Forum’s founder, Klaus Schwab’s book.
What is special about the 4th industrial revolution is that, whereas each of the 1st -3rd revolutions were due to independent technologies, the 4th is manifesting as a fusion of ground-breaking, revolutionary technologies from various fields such as physics, biology, neuroscience, mechanical engineering, etc. Therefore, this revolution is more iconoclastic and unforeseeable than any other technological revolution in the past.
3. Modern civilization’s revolutionary development of science and technology since the 1st industrial revolution has definitely made man’s life much more abundant. Financial efficiency, empiricism, and rationalism, which consider only what can be proven by seeing with the human eyes and understanding by rational thinking to be the truth, governed the world. One’s mind, heart, and spirit, which cannot be seen with the human eyes, were considered to be irrational; even if it were important, it was cast aside because it was an unknown realm that could not be proven by science. As a result, many problems arose for mankind, such as sense of loss, inequality, isolation, environment, etc. With the material abundance, people also had to face an equal amount of psychological and spiritual pain. This was because the question of “why?” was neglected and people had been pushing forward focused only on further developing their futures.
4. However, now in the face of the 4th industrial revolution, represented by artificial intelligence and biotechnology, the question ‘why?’ cannot be disregarded anymore. The 1st to 3rd revolutions were related to man’s arms, legs, and body, whereas the 4th revolution is related to man’s brain. Due to the 1st to 3rd revolutions, machines replaced man’s body and as such, the 4th revolution will replace man’s brain with machines.
As proven by AlphaGo, the intelligence of machines is already surpassing that of man. We can anticipate that robots will take care of any tasks needing memory, analysis, or other such intelligence. WEF estimated that about 50 million jobs will disappear due to the 4th industrial revolution. They predict that even doctors, lawyers, taxi drivers, and reporters will replace people with robots.
The 4th revolution and its consequences have very marked differences in contrast to the prior industrial revolutions. While the prior revolutions have changed man’s environment, the 4th revolution will change mankind itself. This is why people feel tension and fear in the presence of AlphaGo, which defeated Se-Dol Lee.
Yuval Harari, who recently became a worldwide bestseller with his book, Sapiens, once pointed out, “what will man, who may soon become useless, do?”.
In the face of cutting-edge technology that the 4th industrial revolution is bringing, it is critical that we establish very clear answers to the questions “why?” and “for what?”. “What is the technological revolution for?”.
The answer is obvious. It must not be a technology for better technology, or a science for better science. It must be for mankind.
5. Then we are now at a point when we must seriously consider the question “what will man do?” If we only rush to catch up with other developed countries who are leading the 4th industrial revolution without understanding our goals and direction in terms of “why”, “for what?”, and “where?”, our future in the generation of the 4th industrial revolution will not be very bright. Man’s sense of loss and isolation could be actually maximized.
However, if we can clarify the reason, purpose, and direction at this point, and move forward maintaining man’s dignity and holding firmly to our rudder, which is mankind’s true peace, happiness, and coexistence, the 4th revolution will surely be a blessing for mankind.
At the 46th WEF (World Economic Forum), which took place January 2016 in Davos, Switzerland, economic leaders from all over the world all expressed that in order to direct the groundbreaking innovations of the 4th industrial revolution and artificial intelligence to success, the development of man’s mind, heart, soul, and spirit is essential.
In order for the 4th revolution to succeed, not only must we invest our effort and money into technological development, but we must also take part in educating man to elevate his consciousness. We must go beyond the efficiency, rationalism, and competitive paradigms that drove the capitalist economy after the 1st industrial revolution. A revolution in consciousness, which will heighten man’s ability to coexist and unite for the sake of true dignity and happiness of mankind, is absolutely necessary.
More about this will be detailed later…
6. Even later in the 20th century, the human brain was an unknown realm that people wanted to know about, but just couldn’t figure out. But the recent cutting-edge technology in artificial intelligence and biotechnology proves that science is conquering the brain as well. Already, there are machines (artificial intelligence robots) that surpass man’s intellectual ability.
As mentioned above, the 1st -3rd revolutions replaced man’s hands, feet, and body while the 4th revolution is replacing man’s brain. Then where will science and technology lead to next?
There are 3 layers of the brain, which moves man. The first layer is the brain of survival, or the brain that moves in order to live and survive. The second layer is the animal brain, or the emotional brain that seeks to satisfy basic instincts and pleasures, the third layer is the brain for reason and intelligence.
The 4th revolution is related to the 3rd layer of the brain. Now that science and technology of the 4th revolution has conquered the brain for intelligence, the next step will likely be the emotional brain; that is related to feelings and emotions such as pleasure, joy, happiness, etc. So the 5th industrial revolution will happen in the fields of entertainment and tourism.
7. The 5th industrial revolution has already started. Revolutionary developments are already in the making in the entertainment and tourism industries. Whereas the 4th revolution was ground-breaking in the sense that it broke man’s economical ideas, the 5th revolution will break cultural stereotypes and notions. As the world’s cultures closely interact with each other, all people of the world will get closer and cultural contents will expand more quickly and freely. In this generation with the entire world communicating with each other, countries that are closed off will face challenges to continue existing. The 5th revolution will change and develop the world that man’s 2nd layer of the brain recognizes and perceives in innovative ways.
Then, the direction of the 6th revolution seems quite clear. The 6th revolution will be a technological revolution related to man’s deepest layer of the brain, the 1st layer related to survival. That is, technological advances will be made in man’s food and medicine. New farming techniques that overcome environmental pollution may be developed and new crops or foods may even be created. Food (or medication) that can amazingly postpone aging and death will be invented. It could seem like a regression from industrialism to agriculture, but the new agricultural revolution will differ from past agricultural revolutions in human history, because it will allow man to return to nature and to eat and live more abundantly with cutting-edge technology.
Like this, we have discussed the 5th and 6th revolutions that will follow the 4th industrial revolution.
8. Then what will the 7th industrial revolution be? Perhaps this will be one that relates to the most intrinsic aspect of mankind. It is now time to elaborate on the revolution in consciousness, which was mentioned earlier. Following the technological revolutions involving man’s body and brain, the 7th revolution will move on to research man’s most intrinsic aspect. It is the part that cannot be replaced by anything else, because it is inherent only in mankind—the realm of man’s mind, heart, and spirit.
I believe that this is the ultimate direction that mankind will take during the 7th revolution. This may already be in progress in a part of our society. This revolution that involves man’s mind, heart, spirit, and consciousness will no longer be based on the competitive paradigm of wealth and reputation that’s been used until now; rather, it will stem from a completely new consciousness, spiritual paradigm of cooperation and coexistence.
When the 4th, 5th, and 6th revolutions take place on the foundation of such consciousness revolution, they will yield successful results that truly contribute to man’s happiness.
Let’s say that the 7th revolution is the revolution of people themselves. It’s revolution involves people. With the 7th revolution, people will no longer be a subordinate part or tool of the economic industry’s logic but instead people will become the true owners that will take the reigns and steer the entire world.
We have discussed that the 1st-3rd revolutions replace and connect man’s hands, feet, eyes, nose, and other sensory organs and that the 4th-6th revolutions replace and connect man’s brain. Also that the 7th revolution concerns man’s mind, heart, spirit, and consciousness.
Now it is time to go into detail about how people are able to think and act, to understand the essence of people themselves, beyond the big data regarding the spirit, heart, and mind. Though it started with man, the flow of history that has been labeled as revolution had digressed away from man’s essence. It is time for it to return back to man. The 7th industrial revolution transcends man’s body and brain and is a revolution of man’s origin and basic human nature.
Psychologist Bruce Hood wrote in his book that what a person thinks of as “me” (their selves) is the accumulation of one’s past experiences in his or her brain. In other words, one believes that the past, which currently does not exist, is his self or “me” when in reality, it is an illusion that is not real.
People often forget, but it is needless to say that the ultimate goal of knowledge and study in science, politics, economics, culture, and all academic fields is in order to achieve man’s dignity and happiness. Although all the technological and industrial revolutions in history have definitely provided material development of civilization and thus contributed to abundance and happiness in man’s life, it is also true that achieving true inner happiness was vague and difficult.
However, as mankind goes through the 4th, 5th, and 6th revolutions, they have come to seriously consider how to move towards true happiness and will realize the proper direction. Ultimately, with the 7th revolution, a consciousness revolution will take place where people will seek true inner happiness.
Gem-like quotes by mankind’s most intellectual people have been etched onto copper plates and displayed at the Nobel Museum. Of those, the very first quote is the following one from British poet, Edward Young.
“Born originals, how comes it to pass that we die copies?”.
The meaning of these words must be considered deeply. As people are born and continue living their lives, they lose their original nature, due to the experiences and knowledge given by external circumstances. Thus, they end up living only by the external conditions and environment, without knowing who they really are.
9. For people, who have become copies as a result of their life lived, to return to their original self, they must break out of their very own mind world’s that have been created by the life they have lived and their past experiences. Only then will people be able to think outside of their perspective and genuinely understand, communicate, and be thoughtful of others. The 7th industrial revolution will be a revolution of consciousness that will enable mankind to break free from the mind world that each person has made himself, become the broad perspective of the world rather than a self-centered, narrow one, and achieve a world of coexistence where everyone lives together. The answer and solution to Edward Young’s question from more than 300 years ago will be the key point of the 7th revolution, and firmly establishing this direction will be the moving force that leads the 4th industrial revolution to success. Machines are surpassing man’s intelligence and will replace many roles that man used to fill as the 4th revolution kicks into higher gear. In order for people to remain in the leading role even in the unforeseeable future, which is changing very rapidly, man must recover his original nature, which cannot be replaced by any machine. That original nature holds the wisdom that will direct man towards genuine happiness.
Until now, it was believed that wisdom comes from experience and learning. However, when the thoughts that trigger stereotypes, fixed ideas, and judgments, which are stored in the human brain, are found and thrown away one by one, true wisdom will arise from man’s original nature that is hidden inside. This can be achieved by reflecting on and emptying one’s self.
10. Man is incomplete because of the pictures that have been copied of the world the way one has seen, heard, and experienced it. When these pictures disappear, man becomes complete and while going from incompletion to completion, genuine freedom and happiness will be revealed. Happiness is not having any hatred or worries in one’s heart. Just as UNESCO’s charter states that “since wars begin in the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that the defenses of peace must be constructed”; now it is time to go beyond man’s body and brain and start exploring the mind and heart. Truly understanding the mind will make it possible to lead the unpredictable 4th revolution to success.
I believe that such a revolution of consciousness or mind must happen through education. Unlike the education that accumulated and added knowledge for the sake of wealth, success, and reputation until now, education must now help mankind to recover one’s original nature, which has been forgotten amidst materialization, through self reflection and letting go. A few years ago, KAIST students and faculty faced an unfortunate serious societal issue. When the students were asked for their input on how to resolve the issue, they requested education for personality and character.
In response to this request, I gave consecutive lectures titled “Now Is My Life’s Turning Point” and “Pursuit and Recovery of Human Nature” during the fall of 2011 and of the spring 2012 semesters respectively. It was time dedicated to exploring oneself through meditation and self-reflection. This course gave students time to deeply reflect on their selves for the first times in their lives. By such reflection, they realized on their own how self-centeredly they had lived their lives; and by letting go of those copied pictures inside one by one, they said they became free from their past hatred. They realized that past good memories made them see the present negatively and they became free from those good memories as well.
This course is now accessible on Coursera, an online lecture platform for which more than 17 million people have registered, titled “Engineering Self-Reflection for Human Completion”. This doesn’t take a just a theoretical approach; it allows one to realize on his or her own through experience.
The meditation that is applied in this course is Ma-Eum Soo-Ryun, which has recently been implemented in many schools for character education. It is a meditation curriculum that teaches Ma-Eum Soo-Ryun’s meditation method to students. This meditation method has very modern and scientific principles. It is very easy and simple, yet excels greatly. Just as NASA still uses the method that the Wright Brothers used when making the first airplane, because it is unmatched by any other method, this meditation method also provides a very easy and fundamental way to explore the mind.
Meditation is reflection on one’s self. Ma-Eum Soo-Ryun’s meditation method of letting go of the false mind enables people to strengthen the ability to see oneself objectively, which is considered to be the highest level of consciousness that man can have. I have been implementing this method in a course that was opened in the aviation section on K-MOOC (Massive Online Open Course), an online lecture platform like Coursera, operated by Korea’s Ministry of Education. This is because it can be used to prevent and reduce aviation accidents, of which more than 70% is due to human factors.
I have mentioned that the 7th revolution will be a consciousness revolution, which will be achieved through education. I believe that the education method will take the form of meditation, which is very conventional, yet will be the most cutting-edge educational method. Furthermore, since development of information and communication technology has merged with education, online lecture platforms like Coursera that draw attention from all over the world has enabled meditation education to take place for people throughout the world to access. It is said that Coursera’s development is surpassing Facebook. Revolution is taking place not only in education content but also in the education system.
The 4th industrial revolution is also focusing on self-driving cars. Artificial intelligence allows cars to be safely driven to its destination, while preventing collisions without a driver. Drones that utilize the military’s unmanned aerial vehicles technology, which was developed through war, are also attracting attention as a future industry. The future use and market for drone technology is unpredictable because it can be utilized in the 5th revolution’s entertainment and even in the 6th revolution’s agricultural industries. Launching a drone enables observation of a designated location from the air. It can observe from close proximity from a height. Drones enable me to observe not only the designated location, but also my self that is observing through it. I can see myself objectively, detached far away from myself.
Ma-Eum Soo-Ryun’s meditation method of self-reflection works in the same way. Just like looking down at myself through a drone that is far away, the meditation method enables me to look back on myself by departing far away from myself with my mind. Reflecting on how I lived my life from that distance allows me to objectively see my life from childhood to present. By throwing away those pictures that block me from living in the present, I can become free from that past.
My brain is changing. My frontal lobe, which has been dormant for a long time, is changing. As Jill Bolte Taylor states, throwing away thoughts made room for peace. My right and left brains, which had been filled with selfish motives and calculation due to materialization and human greed, have become cleansed, freeing my body and mind from my addiction to my past.
To summarize, the 4th industrial revolution, along with the 5th and 6th revolutions will succeed when proceeding simultaneously with the 7th consciousness revolution. The essence of the 4th revolution is not about changing something other than man, but rather about man himself/herself . We must no longer passively follow the development of scientific technology and instead actively and proactively grasp a direction. The 7th revolution has already begun and it can no longer be postponed.
The 7th revolution must be understood in order to understand the ultimate goal of life. Then, genuine creativity can be exercised for the entirety of mankind and materialization will develop further to allow the world to live in happiness. This is what it means for one to become the owner. When one opens his brain, opens his heart, and breaks free from all conceptions of self to see the world from the opposite perspective, a world where everyone can coexist will come to fruition.
1998-present: Professor, Department of Aerospace Engineering, KAIST
2015-present: Vice President, American Society of Helicopter
2015-present: Vice President, Korea Drone Industry Promotion Association
2016-present: President, Academic Society for Human Completion
2016-present: Member, Future Education Society
-NRC Fellow, NASA Ames Research Center, August 1985 – December 1987
-Best Paper Award in Science and Technology, The Korea Federation of Science and Technology Societies, April 1, 1988, Seoul, Korea
-Academic Award, Acoustical Society of Korea, October 31, 2003 Kyongju, Korea
-Academic Award, Korean Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences, November 2005, Korea
-Elected as one of 40 Fellows in Aerospace Engineering in KOREA in the last 40 years, Korean Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences, October 2007, Korea
-Miyeon Academic Award, Korean Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences, November 2015, Korea
-Life-Time Achievement Award, Asia/Australian Rotorcraft Forum, 2015
<References>
Dae-Shik Kim (2015) Special Lecture in Humanities Season 3, Beautiful Life, Brain, Reality and Artificial Intelligence
David Hume (1994) An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (A Treatise of Human Nature 1). (Translated by Jun-Ho Lee) Seoul: Seo-Gwang-Sah.
Yong-Lin Moon (2015) Coursera Personal Interview, Meditation and Level of Understanding One’s Self
Bruce Hood (2012) The Self Illusion. (Translated by Ho-Yeon Jang). Seoul: Joong-Ang Books.
Yoo-Heon Suh (2012) Brain Development, Proper Timing for Completion Education, and School Violence, Fall 2012 Academic Conference by Academic Society for Human Completion, Korea University
Dong-Won Shin (2013) The Developmental Succession of Korean Scientific Civilization: Enhancing Pride in Creative, Gifted Students, Material from Special Conference for 3rd Anniversary of the Korean Institute of Civilization Studies. KAIST.
Yuval Hariri (2016) Sapiens, Translated by Hyun-Wook Cho, Edited by Tae-Soo Lee, Gimmyoung
Duck-Joo Lee (2011) KAIST Lecture; Now is My Life’s Turning Point
Duck-Joo Lee (2012) KAIST Lecture; Pursuit and Recovery of Human Nature
Duck-Joo Lee (2012) A Study on Establishment of Infrastructure for Commercial Unmanned Aircrafts, Korea Agency for Infrastructure Technology Advancement, Final Report.
Duck-Joo Lee (2013) Problems with and Solutions for Creativity and Fusion Education, Material from 2013 International Engineering Education Forum, Korean Society for Engineering Education, Ramada Plaza, Jeju Island
Duck-Joo Lee (2014) ‘Engineering Education For What? What the World Needs vs. The Age of Fusion’, Engineering Education Conference: Why Communication Within the School System is Necessary and How Can It Be Implemented? Yonsei University Research Center for Engineering Education/ Korean Association for Science and Technology Studies/ Korean Society for Engineering Education, Korea Chamber of Commerce and Industry
Duck-Joo Lee (2015) “Introduction to the Trend of Unmanned Aircrafts and Their Key Technology” Korea Drone Industry Promotion Association, General Assembly and National Assembly Founding Members’ Meeting
Duck-Joo Lee (2016) K-MOOC Lecture: Understanding of Helicopter flight; Limits and Challenges
Duck-Joo Lee, Jae-Moon Kim, Ki-Young Jeong, Jin-Young Song, Sung-Min Kim, Eun-Jin Lee, In-Soo Lee (2012). Analysis of Changes in Brainwaves in Adolescents and Educators Due to Subtracting Minds. Human Completion Education, 4, 29-58
Pil-Sung Jang (2016) Overseas Innovative Trend, 2016 Forum in Davos
Furlong, M. (2014) When the Sum is Greater than the Parts: Combined Strengths Build Youth Subjective Well-Being. Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Human Completion 2013, Los Angeles, UCLA, USA.
Lee, D.J. (2015) Coursera Lecture; Engineering Self-Reflection for Human Completion
Lee, D.J. (2016) Enhancement of Psychological Stability through Self-Reflection Meditation: A practical approach for Resilient Rotorcraft Society with Less Accidents; 5th Asian/Australian Rotorcraft Forum, Singapore
Lee, D.J. (2014) General Education for Science and Engineering Students. Journal of Engineering Education Research, 17(4), 38-42.
Lee, I.S., Lee, D.J., Park, P.S., Yu, Y.G., & Lee, J.S. (2013) The Effects of Happiness Promoting Program on the Subjective Happiness and Brain Function of the Teachers – From the Perspective of Mind Subtraction. Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Human Completion 2013, Seoul National University, Korea
Minsky, M. (1985) The Society of Mind, N.Y. Simon and Schuster, New York
Taylor, J.B. (2008) My Stroke of Insight, TED
Wikipedia (n. d.) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_History
Wikipedia (n. d.) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry_4.0
Wikipedia (n. d.) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Kant
Woo, M. (2005) World Beyond World. Seoul: CHAM Publishing Company
Woo, M. (2012) Stop Living In This Land, Go To The Everlasting World Of Happiness, Live There Forever: CHAM Publishing Company
Young, E. (1683) Nobel Museum, Stockholm
Duck-Joo Lee djlee@kaist.edu
Source: humancompletion.org
